Uruguay's Former President José Mujica Dies at 89

José Mujica, the former President of Uruguay and one of Latin America's most recognizable political figures, has died at the age of 89. Current President Yamandú Orsi confirmed his passing, expressing gratitude for Mujica's contributions and love for the people. Mujica had been battling oesophageal cancer in recent years, though the exact cause of death has not been disclosed.

Often referred to as the "world's poorest president," Mujica became globally known for his modest lifestyle and outspoken criticism of consumerism. He governed Uruguay from 2010 to 2015 and is remembered for significant social reforms, including making Uruguay the first country to legalize recreational marijuana. Mujica chose to live in a simple home on the outskirts of Montevideo with his wife, Lucía Topolansky, and donated a large portion of his salary to charity.

From Guerrilla Fighter to Head of State

Born in Montevideo, Mujica grew up in a middle-class family and was inspired by his mother's interest in politics and literature. His early political journey began with the National Party, but in the 1960s, he co-founded the left-wing Tupamaros National Liberation Movement (MLN-T), which carried out armed actions against what they viewed as an increasingly authoritarian government.

Mujica was arrested four times during this period, survived being shot six times, and twice escaped from prison. After the military coup in 1973, he was held as one of nine political hostages, spending over 14 years in prison under brutal conditions. He was released in 1985 when Uruguay returned to democracy, describing his release as the happiest day of his life.

Presidency and Lasting Legacy

After serving as a lawmaker and minister, Mujica was elected president in 2010 at the age of 74. During his time in office, Uruguay's economy grew by an average of 5.4% annually, poverty decreased, and unemployment remained low. His government passed laws on abortion, same-sex marriage, and cannabis regulation, drawing global attention to the small South American nation.

Though admired for his authenticity, Mujica's term also drew criticism. Opponents pointed to rising public spending and an underwhelming education reform. Yet, unlike many of his regional counterparts, he was never accused of corruption or undermining democracy.

Following his presidency, Mujica continued serving as a senator and remained a beloved figure in Uruguay. He retired from politics in 2020. In November 2024, his political successor Yamandú Orsi was elected president, and Mujica's movement within the Frente Amplio gained the largest share of parliamentary seats since democracy returned to the country.

In his final years, Mujica often reflected on life and death. In one of his last interviews, he said, "One knows that death is inevitable. And perhaps it's like the salt of life."

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